Essay on The Effects of the Reformation on European Life

The Effects of the Reformation on European Life European society was divided from the word go, people all around Europe were dominantly Catholic before the reformation. This time was bringing change throughout Europe with a heavy influence on art and culture because the Renaissance was occurring; a religious revolution was also beginning, which was known as the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was the voicing of disagreements by a German Catholic priest about the Catholic Church; this priest was Martin Luther and was excommunicated from the church for his actions. The Protestant Reformation helped to influence and strengthen the Renaissance that was just arising in England.†¦show more content†¦These all derived from an idea that the Catholic should change the way they operate, and people realised that it could be changed an used such an opportunity to their advantage. All of the above held a different impact on society and a different aspect of change to their religion. The impact that this had on religion itself was of great importance but it mainly affected those who had close contact with the laity, this was generally the clergy but I am certain that other people got caught up in the violence and persecution that was generated by this sudden change. I believe that the impact described in all the literature that we have from that time cannot begin to describe the impact that all this had on Europe. The Protestants and the Catholics have had many disagreements with doctrine. In these times, many of the controversies have been over Holy Communion, salvation by works or by grace, and whether the sacraments were grace bearing. Now the main conflicts are about homosexuality, birth control, abortion, and women being ordained into the priesthood. The disunity is not just between the Protestants and the Catholics, but also with in the Protestant denominations. Luther and Calvin were not that different, both strong believers in the reform of the CatholicShow MoreRelatedThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Protestant Reformation took place in the 16th century and was a major European movement whose goal was to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. This movement led to people worshipping God as they wanted and no longer relying on the Catholic Church for guidance with religious matters. Even though people were doing what they believed, the Protestant Reformation brought many conflicts. Religious disagreements caused bloody conflicts all over Europe. The principal figureRead MoreCounter Reformation And The Counter Reformation849 Words   |  4 PagesElectronic Encyclopedia published an article about Catholic Reformation, and it wrote that â€Å"Counter Reformation, 16th-century reformation that arose largely in answer to the Protestant Reformation; sometimes called the Cathol ic Reformation. Although the Roman Catholic reformers shared the Protestants revulsion at the corrupt conditions in the church, there was present none of the tradition breaking that characterized Protestantism. The Counter Reformation was led by conservative forces whose aim was bothRead MoreThe Reformation And How It Shaped Our Western World1226 Words   |  5 Pageson October 31st celebrates the 500th anniversary of the Reformation. It started in Germany but then spread all across Europe. The Reformation was needed to help modernize Christianity but it also created divides in the Protestant Movement. What is interesting is that there were other movements within the Catholic Church that predated 1517, so what made Martin Luther so special. This paper will go in depth on the accounts of the reformation and how it shaped our western world. Some theorists justRead MoreHow Context Affects Art1074 Words   |  4 Pagescontexts they were surrounded by. The influence of the Catholic Re formation had taken place in different time periods and throughout European countries. Among many artists influenced by the Catholic Reformation, Mathias Grà ¼newald and Francisco de Zurbarà ¡n’s works prominently show its influence. They both painted the same subject matter. However, it is traceable that their works of art have different outcomes due to the Reformation and other sub-influences they had. How contexts had affected theirRead MoreWw1 Historical Analysis1169 Words   |  5 Pagestitled A Political History of Modern Europe from the Reformation to the Present Day†. The second book, was written in 2007 by Lynn Hunt, is titled â€Å"The making of the West: Peoples and Cultures†. In both of these textbooks the history of World War I is discussed, but the way the history is interpreted shows a large quantity of differences. When comparing these two pieces, Schevill’s book appears to put a larger emphasis on the current domestic European relations . Hunt’s text focuses more on individualsRead MoreThe Enormous Growth During the Renaissance1420 Words   |  6 PagesThe term Renaissance in general refers to â€Å"Rebirth† or â€Å"Reconstruction†. To be exact, the meaning came from all the changes experienced and inventive ideas that influence during the European history. The Renaissance occurred between the 14th and 17th century when there was revival in both learning and culture in Europe. It began in Florence, Italy and traveled throughout other city-states in Italy. It mainly occurred in Italy due to the history of Rome and Roman Empire. The Renaissance was aRead MoreAreas of Reformation in Greece Essay934 Words   |  4 Pages Tax Reform Tax reformation is one of new austerity measures that have been adopted by the Greek government with the EU supervision, which in the Economic Policy Reform 2012 report by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), mentioned a few key issues regarding the reinforcement of legal measurement, tax evasion, transparency. One of the elements in tax reformation is rationalising personal income tax and eliminates a number of deductions regarding base broadeningRead MoreInfluence Of Science And Religion1564 Words   |  7 Pagesword of God. Development in humanity became less dependent on religion and religious power. During the time of the Scientific Revolution, there were advancements in chemistry, medicine, machinery, astronomy, and mathematics which had many positive effects on the lives of everyday people. With these advancements in science, the differences between people, due to class and gender, started to become less important. There were many important events during the Scientific Revolution that changed the courseRead MoreThe Renaissance And Its Impact On The European Renaissance1694 Words   |  7 PagesWith the dark ages coming to end and the economy of Europe slowly beginning to rise again, a giant scale cultural revolution like never before was slowly beginning to sweep over Europe. Becoming what we now know as the European Renaissance, every aspect of European life changed because of this revolution. The Renaissance began a renewed interest in the people to seek knowledge and question what the world around them meant. The Renaissance wasn’t just about learning however, it in cluded exploringRead MoreThe Reformation And Its Effects On The World1356 Words   |  6 PagesThe Reformation and its Effects on the World. â€Å"Out of love for the truth and the desire to bring it to light, the following propositions will be discussed at Wittenberg, under the presidency of the Reverend Father Martin Luther, Master of Arts and of Sacred Theology, and Lecturer in Ordinary on the same at that place (Luther).† With these words Luther began the long war against the Catholic Church, that would later become known as the protestant Reformation. It would be one of the largest forces

DBQ world war 2 - 2318 Words

Name_______________________________________ Date____________________________ DBQ 21: Causes of World War II (Adapted from Document-Based Assessment for Global History, Walch Education) Historical Context: Even though the 1920’s began with a favorable outlook for peace, toward the end of the decade and throughout the 1930’s the clouds of war were forming. Dictators arose in countries that were dissatisfied with the results of World War I. Germany, Italy and Japan took aggressive actions, and neither the League of Nations nor the democratic countries were able or willing to stop them. British Prime Minister Chamberlain suggested the best way to deal with Hitler was a policy of appeasement. Actions were taken that moved Europe toward war. The†¦show more content†¦. . . â€Å"After three years of ceaseless battle,† Hitler concluded, â€Å"I look upon this day as marking the close of the struggle for German equality status and with that re-won equality the path is now clear for Germany’s return to European collective cooperation.† PARIS APPEALS TO LEAGUE Paris, March 7—France has laid Germany’s latest treaty violation before the Council of the League of Nations. At the same time the French government made it quite clear that there could be no negotiation with Germany . . . as long as a single German soldier remained in the Rhineland in contravention ([violation] of Germany’s signed undertakings [agreements]. . . . What is essential, in the French view, is that the German government must be compelled by diplomatic pressure first and by stronger pressure if need be, to withdraw from the Rhineland. What action did Hitler take in defiance of the Versailles Treaty? How does he explain his action? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ What was the reaction in France? How might this have led to war?_______________________________Show MoreRelatedAp Exam Essays1660 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical, economic, and social development of the New England colonies from 1630 through the 1660s? 2. Analyze the political, diplomatic, and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775–1783. 3. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the coming of the Civil War. Confine your answer to the period 1845–1861. 4. Analyze the roles that women played in ProgressiveRead MoreThe Middle Ages : A Holy War Or Crusade Against Muslim Turks1357 Words   |  6 Pageslike life would seem simple in the middle ages. Everyone believing in the same ideas and practices. Although, it might not be that simple, back in the middle ages everyone believed the Christianity. The church unified its people from a once corrupt world. The people would devote countless hours of their lives to give back to the church. Above all, the feudal system was controlled by the church, including the all mighty kings. Christianity brought upon an age of faith throughout the middle ages. DuringRead Moreap dbq 11003 Words   |  5 Pageson War Complete and submit this assignment by the due date to receive full credit. (45 points) 1. To complete this Graded Assignment, retrieve the Religious Views on War DBQ. Use this document with its essay instructions and the DBQ Checklist to complete this DBQ essay. Please consult the rubric throughout the process. Using the documents, compare the views of major world religions on war. What additional kind of document(s) would you need to compare the views of major world religions on war? Essay:Read MoreJust Whatever1974 Words   |  8 PagesA P European History Test Prep DBQ Free Response Questions For DBQ’s Always: 1. Provide an appropriate, explicitly stated thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question and does NOT simply restate the question. 2. Discuss a majority of the documents individually and specifically. 3. Demonstrate understanding of the basic meaning of a majority of the documents. 4. Support the thesis with appropriate interpretations of a majority of the documents. 5. Analyze point of view or bias in atRead MoreEssay on Hansa Verses Swahili1007 Words   |  5 PagesAP WORLD HISTORY DBQ By Jessica Zheng Period 4 Nov/Dec 2010 AP WORLD HISTORY DBQ By Jessica Zheng Period 4 Nov/Dec 2010 Prompt: While the Hansa and Swahili shared many similarities, their differences were equally important. What differences in the two trading alliances were critical to the cultural, economic, and political development of the two alliances? The Hansa and Swahili were two of the most successful and famous trading cities. They share similar terms, however, the twoRead MoreEssay about What Caused World War II?699 Words   |  3 Pages WWII DBQ World War II was caused by the Treaty of Versailles because Germany had taken the blame for all of the damage after WW1. The name for Germany taking all the blame is War guilt clause. As shown in the maps of Europe in 1914 and 1928 from (doc 1) after World War 1, they (Germany) lost land. Then in 1924 Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, and Romania became part of Russia. Since Germany had lost lad after WW1 and had taken up the blame, they did become bitter with the French.Read MoreJohn D. Rockefeller Monster Monopolist or Marketplace Hero5797 Words   |  24 Pages839-2436 (800) 421-4246 Fax: (800) 944-5432 Fax: (310) 839-2249 http://mindsparks.com access@mindsparks.com Permission is granted to reproduce individual worksheets for classroom use only. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-57596-225-2 Product Code: HS623 InTRoducTIon Teacher Teacher Introduction Using Primary Sources Primary sources are called â€Å"primary† because they are firsthand records of a past era or historical event. They are the raw materials, or the evidence, on which historiansRead MoreWorld War 2910 Words   |  4 Pages2/15/12 DBQ: World War II The Road to War During the early 1920 s many people thought that peace had finally been reached. However, in the late 1920 s and throughout the 1930 s, they realized that they were wrong. Dictators came into power in countries that were displeased with the results of World War I. Germany, Italy and Japan wanted power, so they took aggressive action that not even The League of Nations could stop. British Prime Minister Chamberlain thought that the best wayRead MoreDBQ 7 Years War819 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Isabel AP World History DBQ: Analyze connections between regional issues and European struggles for global power in the mid-eighteenth century. Identify an additional type of document and explain how it would help your analysis of these connections. During the mid-eighteenth century, the European was struggling to spread its power in the whole world, especially in Americas and Asia, experiencing various regional issues in economy, diplomacy, and territory with local people. Document 1 6, and 9Read MoreBoyer Dbq Teacher Guide10764 Words   |  44 PagesUsing the DBQ Practice Questions from The Enduring Vision, Sixth Edition A Teachers’ Guide Ray Soderholm Minnetonka High School Minnetonka, Minnesota Using the DBQ Practice Questions from The Enduring Vision, 6th Edition A Teachers’ Guide This guide is intended to suggest some possible ways that students may organize essays related to the document-based questions in the Advanced Placement version of The Enduring Vision, 6th Edition, and to provide teachers with some information on each included

Title of Paper Free Essays

â€Å"Although his name is hardly a household word, the ghost of Jay M. Near still stalks most U.S. We will write a custom essay sample on Title of Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now courtrooms.   There exists no plaque that bears his name†¦.Near is truy the unknown soldier in the continuing struggle between the powers of government and the power of the press to publish the news.†Ã‚   (Friendly, 172) Fred Friendly, journalist, wrote of the struggle men, such as Jay M. Near, fought in their determination to live the American dream.   Their dream may not be acknowledged by the general public, but Near and his peers were trying to live the rights bestowed upon them as Americans.   Among those rights were the right to free speech, and freedom of the press. The reason Near is not a household name is because his cause may not have been seen by many to be noble.   If fought today, his cause or his dream would be likened to that of The Enquirer or The Star.   In fact, Friendly, in Minnesota Rag:   Corruption, Yellow Journalism, and the Case That Saved Freedom of The Press,   described Near vs. Minnesota, as a cast that placed freedom of the press in the least favorable light. Minnesota Rag, by Fred Friendly, traces the roots of this case all the way back to Duluth, Minnesota, beginning with a man by the name of James Morrison, who edited the Rip-Saw.   Morrison is described as a self-righteous man, willing to do anything to prove his point.   He saw a need in Duluth to expose the lawmakers for what they were.   It was a time of prohibition and Morrison saw failure in politicians and corruption in the police.   The Rip-Saw, as described by Friendly, was relentless.   â€Å"Once it had a victim in its sights, it didn’t stop until its prey was wounded.†Ã‚   (Friendly, 8) The Rip-Saw became a popular success.   The prohibition had been a failure and opened the door for Morrison to attack.   He ran storied of gambling dens increasing, prostitution and politicians, but did so under the guise of moral decency, which led the general public to believe him and the Rip-Saw.   The business sector did not have as much faith in Morrison or the Rip-Saw.   They accused him or trying to force businesses to buy advertising in order to eliminate the risk of gossip. Morrison was a single man trying to affect an entire community into believing and acting on his morals.   He had identified what he thought was just and decent and insisted that the rest of the community live by his law, or be punished.   His punishment was to be published as a headline in his paper in a non-flattering and often libelous manner.   He took it upon himself to judge the morals of others.   Morrison had an impact on local elections with the stories he printed, whether true or untrue. When finally brought to court on charges of libel, Morrison was found guilty.   Morrison immediately appealed the decision and six months later was ordered to make a public apology.   By that time, Morrison had already won, as the Mayor Power he had so maliciously written about had lost his election.   Morrison issued an apology, but certainly in jest as he had already accomplished what he had set out to do. Having accomplished such a feat, two other politicians, Boylan and Lommen, who had been lambasted in the Rip-Saw, determined that this type of press was unacceptable and formed legislation prohibiting publications that were producing â€Å"malicious, scandalous, and defamatory material.†Ã‚   (Friendly, 20)   This legislation is what would become known as the Public Nuisance Bill of 1925, often referred to as the â€Å"gag law.† â€Å"Any person who†¦.shall be engaged in the business of regularly or customarily producing, publishing or circulating, having in possession, selling or giving away, (a)  Ã‚  Ã‚   an obscene, lewd and lascivious newspaper, magazine or other periodical, or (b)  Ã‚   a malicious, scandalous and defamatory newspaper is guilty of nuisance.† This law enabled a single judge to prevent the publication of anything they believed or considered to be obscene, lewd, lascivious, or malicious, scandalous and defamatory.   Press coverage of this bill was almost non-existent and yet it had the largest impact on their business.   America, founded on freedom and liberty, was now going to allow the fate of individuals to rest in the hands of one judge, and his beliefs.   This judgment went against everything that our laws our founded on.   This wouldn’t go down without a fight. Minneapolis, Minnesota was vastly affected by the prohibition as well.   Friendly described it as a crossroads in the Canadian whiskey trade.   From Minneapolis it could be shipped to Chicago and St. Louis.   Some journalists in the Minneapolis/St. Paul area described both the politicians and law enforcement as being on the take.   Minneapolis was known as a town of gambling, illegal booze and prostitution, plagued by gang killings.   Friendly describes many of the journalists of respectable newspapers as looking the other way.   They chose not to get involved.   Enter Morrison’s successor, Jay M. Near. Near is not described as a man of conscience or character, but a man who was looking to profit, in any way he saw fit.   Again, this is likely why his name is not a household term.   Near and his partner Guilford, began a crusade against local authorities, including the chief of police.   Their publication The Saturday Press took aim at the local authorities.   Their implications tied the police to the local gambling syndicates and further accused the police of extorting money from local businesses. Brunskill, the chief of police had ordered an official ban of the paper from all newsstands in Minneapolis, on the basis that it would corrupt the morals of children.   Brunskill threatened arrest of anyone who would be selling the paper, which made Near fight harder.   Near and his cohorts promised legal aid and bail to anyone who would willingly sell the paper.   It was a political and racial fight from beginning to end.   Near, who was anti-Catholic, anti-Semitic, anti-black, anti-labor, would find support in the Jewish community to further his cause.   Never the less, The Saturday Press was eventually closed and padlocked. The United States, a country founded on freedom, had caused the creation of a number of civic unions that would fight for a cause, whether they believed in it or not.   They were fighting for freedom, yours, mine and theirs.   Near had found a way to reach out to the American Civil Liberties Union, and although they did not agree with his publication, they agreed with his right to publish it.   Near was also joined by Robert Rutherford McCormick, publisher of the Chicago Tribune.   McCormick joined the battle because of his belief in the First Amendment. They joined forces in order to fight the Public Nuisance Law and to support Freedom of the Press.   They did not all agree on the purpose of that freedom or how it should be used, but that it should be present for everyone.   They had determined that no one man should have the right to quiet the voice of another, despite their difference in opinion, and they took their case to the Supreme Court. Weymouth Kirkland, appellant’s counsel, in his address to the court, asserted that the Minnesota law violated the United States Constitution by restricting freedom of the press.   Kirkland admitted that the articles were defamatory, but added, â€Å"So long as men do evil, so long will newspapers publish defamation.†Ã‚   (Friendly, 126)   Kirkland concluded that every man has the right to publish malicious, scandalous and defamatory matter, even if untrue and with bad motives. (127) They may be dealt with after the publication of such matter, but no one has the right to prevent such publication.   Kirkland’s point was that the Minnesota gag law was a method of permanent censorship, however criminal proceedings on a specific complaint were always available to the state.   (128)   The Supreme Court ruled in Near’s favor. According to Friendly, Near vs. Minnesota, placed freedom of the press in the least favorable light.   (172)   Near’s cause did not appear to be significant or even just, except by those that choose to fight this battle.   To those who fought the battle it created a â€Å"sturdy† law.   â€Å"If great cases like hard cases make bad law, as the Holmes proverb warns, it may follow that since few knew or cared about Near’s cause, freedom of the press was transformed successfully into a twentieth-century constitutional bulwark.†Ã‚   (Friendly, 173) Had this case never been heard, we may be left with the inability to question our government or local authorities today.   We live in a democratic society, where we have been granted certain unalienable rights, among them the right to freedom of speech and freedom of the press.   Without those options, the press would be unable to publish stories of certain unflattering truths about our elected officials.   We would be unable to make informed decisions. â€Å"Both the history and language of the First Amendment support the view that the press must be left to publish news, whatever the source, without censorship, injunctions, or prior restraint.   Only a free and unrestrained press can effectively expose deception in government.† (Friendly, 176) Near vs. Minnesota and the case of Morrison and the Rip-Saw, either story seems hard pressed to point to a great law that would emerge from the scandals.   But to leave the Public Nuisance Law in place, to limit the freedom of the press, would ultimately result in a restraint upon the freedom of the general public.   If the press cannot print what they learn, then our democracy is dissolved. â€Å"But, history, fate, or whatever fore it is that provides the unlikely champion, or the subtle, improbably turn of events that leaves its indelible stamp upon the course of human events, intervened.   It was one such incident that ultimately empowered five Supreme Court Justices to infuse with life and spirit and amendment which for 150 years had existed only as a bare skeleton.†Ã‚   (Friendly, 179)                                  How to cite Title of Paper, Essay examples

Drawing a Map in Photoshop Essay Example For Students

Drawing a Map in Photoshop Essay Get the proportions Of landmass to ocean roughly in your mind (our earth is water, think) and take some measurements if you want to by using a piece of string then holding he string up to a ruler. For this tutorial Im going to do a small continent (2000 X 2000). 1. To get maximum detail set my resolution way up there at 300-600. The size of the image will give us 1 pixel 1 mile thus 2000 miles high and wide and the resolution is only for print purposes. Could do this at 100 dip but if I printed the map it would be larger and then most printers cannot handle much beyond 300 dip so if you intend to print your map then go with 300 dip. If your system cannot handle these dimensions without chugging its guts out then cut the size in half, this will give you 1 pixel = 2 miles, still not too shabby, eh? Four system can handle this then try a higher image size, this will give you 1 pixel = h mile, or mile or whatever. Or try doing a full earth (the earth is roughly 25,000 miles in circumference around the equator and slightly less from pole to pole so it wouldnt roll very well due to this beer-belly hut for simplicitys sake I use 12,500 so use 25,XX 12,500). This image size really makes my PC chug so I just make a bunch of continents and at the end make one big composition, 2. Background information: look at some topography maps or Google earth maps of mountain ranges, swamps, beaches, deserts, rivers, lakes, forests, canyons, arctic poles, or any other geologic phenomena you want in your map so that you have an idea of what to shoot for (take a look at those volcanoes in Hawaii). Personally, use Flasher. Mom because the Google maps are too distorted, splotchy, and incomplete and it takes up a huge amount Of memory on my computer. 3. Initial thoughts: cold near the poles, hot around the equator so I plan to eventually have a gradient from White at top to gray to brownish (tundra) to ochre-green (plains) to green to dark green (tropics) to pale yellow-orange (deserts). You could put your poles around the equator if your planet is tilted ever on its side but deviations too far from earth-like are too hard to wrap your brain around, even fo r fantasy His is true for sunrise as well and what most people dont realize is that by putting in more than one moon the tides get totally messed up as well as how long a day is and a year (without our single moon our days would he much shorter and our year so the life forms on our planet would be totally different). 4 So lets get to work then Foreground black, background white, Filter > render > clouds. 5. [pick 6. Duplicate this layer. 7. Create a new layer and Edit > fill = gray. Set the layers mode to hard mix ND change the name to base. 8. The hard mix will change the look of things to straight black and white with no grays. Click back on the background copy layer and grab a large brush (not pencil) with an opacity of 10%. I use the various big airbrushes. With white I brush in extra land and with black I brush in extra water. What you van to keep in mind is that we do not want any land near any edge Of the screen by at least 50-100 pixels. Land that goes Off the side Will never get completed since the clouds layer doesnt extend beyond the edge so if we were to make a new image With new clouds they would never line up (unless you eve certain third party plug-ins that make tile-able clouds). If you want icecaps across the top or bottom then that is fine but make sure to leave 50-100 pixels between the icecap and major landmasses. If you have some islands somewhere you dont want them use the black, if you want to put some in then use the white. Another thing to keep in mind is to not have the islands and such create a square of landmasses so be sure to try to make things random and irregular. Lastly, cover up some lakes since at this scale not too many would really be visible But that is pure preference. When happy, copy the background copy are, click on the base layer and merge down. . 10. Select > Color range black. Set the dizziness slider up to 200. Create a new layer, Select > Modify > Expand = l, use the paint bucket tool to fill in the selection of the ocean. Deselect then merge down. What this step does is to remove a whole boatload of extraneous white pixels around our landmasses that can be very tedious and time consuming to paint over. However, it also puts s ome regularity and blockings into our coasts so lets fix that. I l. Filter> Pixel > Crystallize = 6. Filter > Pixel > Crystallize = 3. Images Adjustments Brightness/Contrast = set the contrast up to OIC. Now our coasts are all irregular again. 12. Next zoom in to at least 200% and start checking our coastlines and islands to make sure that there are not any lakes too close to the ocean because natural erosion would have taken care of this and moved the ocean in to fill this area creating a bay. Use a S pixel hard round pencil and blot out the lakes and Evoke the coast but avoid over-tweaking the coast or else you will lose bays and harbors and hooks (like Massachusetts) and boot-heels (like Italy). Else White to add land and black to add water. What do is zoom to 200 or 300% and start in the top left corner and scan across, making tweaks as I go, and when get to the other side move down and scan back across until have reached the bottom. Also look for long straight lines or large right angles and round these off. Be careful to make sure you leave a few large lakes and dont cover over all of the little lakes, especially if you want some place like Minnesota land of 10,000 lakes. Where you know there Will be desert or plains then go ahead and cover these areas pretty well but not completely since lakes in the desert will act as oases ND all lakes visible at this resolution are at least I mile so there will likely be a village to some sort nearby (it youre using some other resolution then use your judgment), This process can take a while but if youre going to do it, you might as well do it right This is also the time to add any unique features like a skull island or an island in a lake for which to place a magnificent castle. Dont do any major terra forming but instead tweak what is already there. 13. Copy this layer (base copy) then go back and fill in all of the lakes. 14 Select > color range (use black tit fuzziness 200), hit delete, then deselect and hide the layer. Click on the base layer and repeat then hide the base layer as well. IS. Click on the Background copy layer and rename it to ocean. 16. Copy this layer then rename the new layer to reef. 17. Filter> render > difference clouds. Repeat. 18. Copy the layer and rename it wills. 19. Copy the hills layer and rename it to mountains. 20 21. You may think that now is the time to add any canyons, escarpments, meteor craters, volcanoes, or Other such phenomena but do not. Do these things on other layers so Ill cover this in a separate mini tutorial or outlet as all it. If youve run through this tutorial numerous times and are comfortable with then go ahead and feel free to experiment. Use small pencils for cracks and canyons and small brushes for adding erosion in the mountains. 22. Filter render lighting effects, What we have is one large spotlight covering the whole image coming in from the lower right (in the northern hemisphere the sun passes somewhat to the south His is important to my main job as a stained glass artist so we need to know where the sun is in relation to a window). Settings are: intensity 25, focus 100, gloss -100, material 100, exposure O, ambiance 8, texture channel is red, white is high is checked, and height is set to 100. 23. Epic] 24. Life set the intensity, exposure, or ambiance too high everyth ing becomes brighter and therefore higher and looks more like a plateau and if we set them too low our mountains become more like hills. Here is what we have. 25. 26. Lets do the hills now so hide the mountains layer and click on the hills layer. Filter > noise > add noise = 5%, Gaussian, monochromatic. We are going to run a lighting effects filter in the next step and this added noise will give us lots and tots of little hills (in French little hills translates to petite cotes or something like that ? Im a ill rusty on my French but this is where we get the word petticoat). 27. Next we are going to do another lighting effects but for some reason Photos randomly breaks during lighting effects so save your document now Just in case. 8. Filter > renders lighting effects. What we have here are 5 Omni lights, one in the center and one in each corner, the settings are the same for all: intensity 6, gloss -100, material 100, exposure O, ambiance 8, texture channel is red, white is high is checked and height is 100. This gives our land a little bumpiness and looks like any other realistic stone tutorial out there. 29. [pick 30. Hide the hills layer and c lick on the ocean layer. Copy it and then rename the new layer to land. Move the land layer up to just below the hills layer and then hit CTR-f. This runs the same lighting effects filter as in step 27. 31. Hide the land layer and click on the reef layer, Hit CTR-foot run the same lighting effects then click on the land layer. 32. Control-click on the base layer (in the layer palette) then Select > Inverse then hit delete then deselect. We now have our main landmasses all textured up and ready to live. NOTE: using Photos CSS and later versions youll have to CTR-click on the thumbnail image in the layer palette rather than just the layer itself so remember this for later on. B 33. So lets bring this world to life. Add a layer style, this consists of a gradient overlay reversed, mode is hard light, opacity is 100%, style is linear aligned with layer, angle is 90, scale is 100% The colors in the gradient are as follows: Color I at is pure white PAYOFF (rug 255, 255, 255), color 2 at is a green ochre AAA (art 85, 90, 65), color 3 at is a darker green ochre 293415 (art 41, 52, 21), lour 4 at 55% is a dark green 242810 (rug 36, 40, 16), color 5 at 65% is a darker green COCCYX (rug 18, 28, 3), color 6 at 70% is a very dark green ? IDIOTIC (rug 13, 21, 1), color 7 at is a sage green 383817 (rug 56, 59, 23), color 8 at is a light taupe Dacron (rug 218, 192, 148) and color 9 at Did% is a creamy FOE (rug 240, 230, 190). There is also an outer glow: mode is screen, opacity is 25%, noise is C, color is light blue chug (rug 64, 200, 255), technique is softer, spread is O, size is 35, contour is normal (linear), range is 50%, jitter is O. Much better now, eh? 34. 7. Here is what have so far. 38. 39. If you want your desert at the top (when doing a southern hemisphere continent), then nucleic the reverse on the gradient on the land layer. Pay no attention to that blue ring it will be useful later but for now lets give our whales a place to swim. 40. Click on the ocean layer and hide the ret layer. Image > adjustments > gradient map. Color I at is a dark bluish-teal ? COCOAS (rug O, 10, 50), color 2 at is a grayish blue-teal 32528C (rug 50, 82, 140), color 3 at is a grayish teal IF-OFF (rug 79, 128, 159), and color 4 at is an aqua CODED (rug 128, 188, 205). Depending on your monitors gamma, white point or color setup these colors might seem awkward 50 change them to suit yourself, What we see here is pretty cool. Thats why we paid no attention to that blue ring in the previous step, it gives us a hint of shallow sea around the land. 41. 42. Control-click on the base layer. Selects modify > expand = 40. Selects feather = 40. Select > inverse. Create a new layer and change the foreground color to a dark blue, use IOWA (rug O, 10, 50). Fill, deselect, and rename the layer to cover. Demonstration Lesson Plan in Drawing EssayThis step combines with our mountains hard light mode and color overlay to really put more into Mirror or gives USA place to put the Draw. This step also tends to mess up the desert mountains so I erase there. Set the layer at 33% opacity. Lastly, add a layer style of bevel/emboss: emboss, chisel soft, up, size of 3, highlight mode is color dodge at opacity, and shadow mode is color burn at opacity. 61. It youre happy so tar, its now time to erase on the hills layer. Usually just follow the same process as in the previous step but this time do the expansion 3 times. This results in small hills graduating into big hills, which then grow into mountains. Our land layer did get a lighting effects filter so it should have some suture as well. Now this looks much more natural with crunch than without. You might want to play around with the layer blending mode, opacity, or layer styles on the crunch layer. 62. [pick 63, Now were going to add in a continental shelf to tweak our green reefs. Click on the reef layer and copy it. Rename it to shelf, set the blend mode back to normal and change the opacity to 100%. Image > adjustments > desperate. Change the mode to color dodge and the opacity to 80%. Control-click on the base copy layer and select > modify > expand = 10 then select > feather = 10. Select inverse then delete and deselect. This lightens up the heavy greenish feel Of the reef but for those Who feel the need to micromanage you can go and erase on the reef layer with small brushes. If you like you can add a layer style of bevel/emboss With either an emboss or outer bevel that is set to chisel soft This will give you that sloping edge that you commonly see in some topographical maps but in order to get that then make sure to not feather before deleting. I dont use the bevel but I have experimented with and got some fairly decent results but nothing that knocked my socks off. 64. 65. My skull lake in the desert looks kind of dark so lets fix that. Click on the lakes layer and create a new layer and rename it to Oh lake adjust. Control- click on the base layer, then use the eyedropper tool to pick up some color from around our reefs and airbrush some lighter color that makes the desert lake look more suitable. This should also be done in permafrost areas. 66, Next we need to rough up our ocean a bit so copy the background layer and rename it to waves, Move it to the very top of the stack and reset the colors to black and white. Filter > sketch bas-relief as before. Select > color range = black with a fuzziness of 1 75 then delete and deselect. Control-click on the base copy layer then select > modify > expand = 20, select > feather = 20, delete and deselect. Set the fill to 0% and add a layer style of color overlay off dark teal color code 001420 (rug O, 20, 32). This gives us a hint of waves and a bit of greenish tint to the oceans. Lastly, move this layer directly under the land layer _ 67. 68. We can call this done for now if we want and start putting in other things like borders and cities. If youre going to forego the rivers then skip ahead to Step 80. The reason we leave the base layer is so that when we start drawing borders, e dont want to draw them into the sea or cover up lakes so we can always CTR- click on the base layer to load its selection. 69. Layoffs going on with rivers let me warn hay. They are a huge, major, colossal pain in the buttock region. 70. Try to avoid the urge to start putting in every river as will often put in way too many and this will take hours upon hours. Keep in mind our image size/scale here of 1 pixel = 1 mile. Most rivers would not even be visible (like 99% of them), Only a handful of our rivers would be seen (Amazon, Nile, Mississippi, Yanking). Notice anything about these? One per continent roughly. You may think that meeting like the Danube or the Missouri would be seen but I live in SST. Louis and the Missouri is only about mile wide thus not visible at this resolution. As tort most to the European rivers, cant really tell trot the pictures Eve seen but accounting for the scale of buildings most seem about as wide as the Missouri. Of course the Amazon is about 3 miles wide near the delta but the rest of it isnt nearly as wide, Then again, floods happen and its your world so do what you like but remember if you have a 5 mile wide river (5 pixels) then its branches are going to be big as well, like 3 miles, and further branches are going to be I mile o you will end up laying in rivers for days and days (trust me Ive been there). 71 If you absolutely want some rivers, heres how we do it. First, click on the mountains layer then control-click the base layer (this will keep us from drawing out into the ocean), make a new layer and rename it Use a fat pencil (that you can see when zoomed out) to layout some basic shapes while trying to follow the lay Of the land. Else our same dark teal OIC 920 (rug O, 25, 32). Gore this tutorial am just going to do one river system as I dont want to sit here for the next few hours drawing squiggly lines. 72. 73. Create a new layer and rename it to rivers, then use a tiny pencil of 1 pixel (since I pixel = I mile you only need major rivers and make sure the brush tip spacing is set as low as possible Its on the brushes tab in the first subsume there) and zoom in to 200 or 300%. When you start drawing, hide the layout layer so it doesnt block your view and unhidden it if you get lost (erase the layout river as you go along), try to follow the darker areas since these are lower and more lush. If you want to make your job here easier then mark out some continental divides that will force rivers on the east to all empty into an eastern sea (for example). Start with the longest river first since other rivers will feed into it and use some logic to figure out which rivers belong tied to the main river and which rivers belong on their own with their own tributaries, start with the delta and work upstream a ways then switch to the mountains and work downstream a ways eventually tying them together, dont add too many tributaries up near the mountains, since were working with 1 pixel = 1 mile most tributaries wouldnt be visible as theyre usually just streams and creeks and such feeding down to the plains where they merge to form larger and larger branches. Also try to tie in some of the lakes, especially the large ones. 4_ Try to follow the lay of the land because all of those awesome hills will have rivers flow between them and not over them, try to think of the path of least resistance cue thats What water does from high to low. Try to make the rivers meander a lot (think snake-like as straight rivers dont look real, the closer you zoom in the better it Will kick but the longer it will take), put at least a fork or 2 in the river, if you want something like the Amazon use a 2 or 3 pixel pencil from the delta up to the first fork, veers generally flow toward the equator due to the earths spin but there are exceptions, just dont arena too many exceptions unless the coast is close, add deltas and swamp waters. 5. [pick 76. Hey, well headway know, it sorts looks like my home town right there where all those rivers meet (he he) with a big river that flows into a swampy delta just waiting for a hurricane. When finally done, delete the layout layer. 77. To make the rivers pop and blend in with the ocean along the continental shelf and lakes, zoom in and use the eyedropper to pick up a color along the shelf, use large airbrush with a flow of 100%, then control-click on the rivers layer. Make a new layer named deltas then single click to spray the area around where the river and ocean meet and do this around lakes and such too. Deselect when done. If you dont like the color of your rivers then apply a layer style of color overlay, gradient overlay, or change the blending options, 78, [pick 79. If you want some additional lakes then grab one of your favorite cloud brushes but make sure you are in pencil mode and use the dark teal and make a new layer and rename it more lakes. Make a click and you have a lake but now o have to change to a new clouds brush for a new lake or else they all look the same. If you dont have any clouds brushes then use the 1 pixel pencil and sketch some in by hand. 80 As much as burned you about avoiding rivers this next warning is ten times more important. DO NOT try to put in some lush river valleys! Hue yet to find a way to do this that isnt absolutely hideous or absolutely invisible. You can try playing with an outer glow, a drop shadow, a gradient stroke, bevel and emboss, an airbrush, stroking a path, Gaussian blurring, blending modes, or anything else. The bottom line is this: what looks DOD at 100% zoom looks like a giant gash when zoomed out and What looks good zoomed out is invisible at 100% zoom. This why I told you to follow the lay of the land and go through dark areas. The problem with layer styles is that they go out into the ocean as well. 81. If you forgot to add volcanoes or canyons or the like you can always delete everything between the land layer and the base layer and start over by copying the background and putting it above the land layer and repeating the necessary steps. Yes, you do have to redo the rivers and lakes and deltas because when we render the difference clouds the mountains ill be in new places (remember what I said about not putting in rivers? ). The other option is to create a new document of any size but with the same resolution, make your fancy geology (clouds, noise, difference clouds, difference clouds, airbrush tweaks, delete the black colors), render the lighting effects, cut it out and then paste above the mountains layer, erase or smudge any sharp edges, then merge it down onto the mountains layer. This is also handy if your mountain ranges look kind of skinny and wimpy, we make more mountains and paste me in and therefore bulk up our ranges. 82. As far as beaches are unconcerned, dont try to put me in, it just outlines everything and since 1 pixel = I mile any beach would be at least I mile wide which is freaking huge, seriously, if you have never been to a beach the largest I have seen are a few hundred yards at most at low tide, this is Why we have the continental shelf (to hint at beaches); if you are doing something where the scale of 1 pixel = 10 feet then it might be Okay but at a scale Of I pixel = 100 feet you get back to that outlined kick again, not to mention that you have to either erase the beaches up in the cold areas or apply a gradient overlay of brown or gray. 3. For those of a mind to do some last minute terra forming by putting islands into the lakes, use the 1 pixel pencil on the land layer. 84.